Gruut: Cikakken Tsarin Jagora na Jama'a na P2P don Kuɗin Ƙasa

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1 Gabatarwa

Tsarin kuɗi na al'ada yana dogaro da amintattun ɓangarori na uku don rikodin ma'amala, wanda ke haifar da manyan farashi da kuma samar da wuraren sarrafa tsaki. Gruut yana gabatar da cikakken tsarin jagora na jama'a na P2P wanda ke kawar da buƙatar irin waɗannan masu shiga tsakani yayin kiyaye daidaitawa da tsarin kuɗin ƙasa. Ba kamar Bitcoin na aiki mai cike da kuzari ba, Gruut ya gabatar da sabon tsarin yarjejeniya da ake kira tabbatar da yawan jama'a wanda ke ba da damar ingantaccen tabbatar da ma'amala akan na'urorin masu amfani kamar wayoyin hannu.

2 Hangen Nesa na Gruut

Gruut yana nufin ƙirƙirar madadin tsarin kasuwanci don ma'amalolin tattalin arzikin hakika, yana ba da fa'idodin gasa akan tsarin ɓangare ɗaya na al'ada tare da manyan farashin ma'amala.

2.1 Rarraba Tattalin Arziki

Gruut yana ba da damar rarraba tattalin arziki na gaskiya ta hanyar barin kowa ya shiga ta hanyar shigar da GruutApp a wayar hannu. Tsarin yana tabbatar da daidaiton rabon lada ba tare da la'akari da hannun jari ko ƙarfin lissafi ba, yana hana tattara kuɗin shiga na tsaki wanda a halin yanzu ya mamaye masu sarrafa biyan kuɗi na ɓangare na uku.

2.2 Jagora don Tattalin Arzikin Hakika

An ƙera dandamalin don zama abokantaka ga gwamnati kuma ya dace da tsarin kuɗi na doka da ya wanzu. Gruut yana jaddada bayyana tattalin arziki don sauƙaƙe haɗawa da ma'amalolin kuɗin ƙasa na al'ada yayin kiyaye fa'idodin fasahar blockchain.

3 Tsarin Fasaha

3.1 Yarjejeniya na Tabbatar da Yawan Jama'a

Tabbatar da yawan jama'a wani misali ne na tabbatar da haɗin gwiwar jama'a wanda ke tabbatar da ma'amaloli bisa ga bambancin mahalarta maimakon ƙarfin lissafi. Wannan hanyar tana ba Gruut damar cimma yarjejeniya tare da ƙarancin amfani da makamashi yayin kiyaye tsaro daga masu mugunta.

3.2 Tushen Lissafi

Algorithm na yarjejeniya yana amfani da mahimman abubuwan sirri na sirri ciki har da:

Aikin Bazuwar da ake iya Tantancewa: $V = H(sk, input)$ inda $sk$ shine maɓullin sirri kuma $H$ aikin hash ne na sirri.

Jurewar Laifin Byzantine: Tsarin zai iya jure har zuwa $f$ nodes marasa aiki a cikin hanyar sadarwa na $3f+1$ nodes, yana tabbatar da tsaro daga halayen mugunta.

4 Sakamakon Gwaji

Gwaji ya nuna cewa Gruut ya cimma kayan aikin ma'amala na TPS 1,000+ akan wayoyin hannu na masu amfani tare da jinkiri ƙasa da dakika 2. An auna amfani da makamashi a 0.5W a kowane node, idan aka kwatanta da Bitcoin na 500W a kowane node don irin waɗannan ayyuka. Hanyar sadarwa ta ci gaba da kwanciyar hankali tare da har zuwa kashi 35% na canjin node yayin gwaje-gwajen damuwa.

5 Aiwar Code

class GruutConsensus:
    def validate_transaction(self, tx, population_set):
        # Tabbatar da sa hannun ma'amala
        if not self.verify_signature(tx):
            return False
        
        # Duba yarjejeniyar yawan jama'a
        consensus_threshold = len(population_set) * 2 // 3
        approvals = self.collect_approvals(tx, population_set)
        
        return len(approvals) >= consensus_threshold
    
    def select_validators(self, population, block_height):
        # Yi amfani da aikin bazuwar da ake iya tantancewa don zaɓin masu tantancewa
        seed = hash(block_height + previous_block_hash)
        selected = []
        
        for participant in population:
            if self.vrf(participant.private_key, seed) < threshold:
                selected.append(participant)
        
        return selected

6 Aikace-aikacen Gaba

Fasahar Gruut tana da yuwuwar aikace-aikace a cikin tsarin ƙananan biyan kuɗi, kuɗin da ake aika zuwa ƙasashen waje, rarraba fa'idodin gwamnati, da kuɗin sarkar kayan masarufi. Ƙirar ƙarancin makamashi ta sa ta dace don ma'amalolin na'urorin IoT da kasuwannin masu tasowa tare da ƙayyadaddun ababen more rayuwa.

7 Bincike na Asali

Gruut yana wakilta gagarumin ci gaba a cikin ƙirar blockchain ta hanyar magance manyan iyakoki guda biyu na tsarin da ke akwai: rashin ingancin makamashi da rashin dacewa da kuɗin ƙasa. Tsarin yarjejeniya na tabbatar da yawan jama'a yana nuna ficewa daga duka aikin-tabbatar da aiki da kuma aikin-tabbatar da hannun jari, yana ɗaukar wahayi daga tsarin asali marasa tsaki kamar ION na Microsoft da ayyukan bazuwar da ake iya tantancewa da ake amfani da su a cikin yarjejeniyar Algorand. Wannan hanyar ta yi daidai da bincike na baya-bayan nan a cikin fasahohin blockchain masu dorewa, kamar aikin Vukolić et al. akan ka'idojin yarjejeniya tare da ƙaramin sawun makamashi.

Idan aka kwatanta da aikin hako ma'adinai na Bitcoin mai cike da kuzari wanda ke cinye kimanin sa'o'i 91 terawatt a shekara (Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index), ƙirar Gruut mai dacewa da wayar hannu na iya rage amfani da makamashi da kashi 99.9%. Wannan yana sanya Gruut kamar ƙaddamar da sabbin shirye-shiryen blockchain na kore kamar hanyar sadarwar Chia Network na tabbatar da lokacin sarari, amma tare da mafi girman damar samun dama ga masu amfani na yau da kullun.

Haɗawa da tsarin kuɗin ƙasa yana magance matsalolin ƙa'ida waɗanda suka iyakance amfani da blockchain a cikin kuɗi na al'ada. Ba kamar cryptocurrencies masu mayar da hankali kan sirri waɗanda ke fuskantar bincike na ƙa'ida (kamar yadda aka tattauna a cikin jagorar FATF akan kadarorin kama-da-kai) ba, fasalin bayyana gaskiya na Gruut yana ba da damar bin ka'idojin buƙatun hana safarar kuɗi ba tare da halatta yayin kiyaye sirrin mai amfani ta hanyar hujjojin sifili inda ya dace.

Ƙalubalen fasaha sun kasance a cikin haɓaka hanyar tabbatar da yawan jama'a zuwa yawan ma'amala na duniya yayin kiyaye rarrabawa. Dole ne tsarin ya yi tsayayya da hare-haren sybil ta hanyar ingantaccen tabbatar da asali, mai yuwuwa ya samo asali daga tsarin asalin kai kamar Sovrin. Ci gaba na gaba ya kamata ya mayar da hankali ga tabbatar da tsarin ka'idojin yarjejeniya na kaddarorin tsaro, kama da hanyar da aka bi a cikin tabbatar da ka'idojin Tezos.

8 Nassoshi

1. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki na Peer-to-Peer.
2. Micali, S. (2016). Algorand: Jagora Mai Inganci da Dimokuradiyya. arXiv:1607.01341.
3. Vukolić, M. (2015). Neman Scalable Blockchain Fabric: Tabbatar da Aiki vs. BFT Replication. Springer.
4. Cibiyar Cambridge don Kuɗin Madadin. (2023). Cambridge Bitcoin Electricity Consumption Index.
5. Hukumar Aikin Kuɗi. (2019). Jagora akan Asalin Dijital.
6. Zhu et al. (2022). Hanyoyin Yarjejeniya Masu Ƙarfin Makamashi don Blockchain. IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Computing.